I provide a safe and confidential environment for you to discuss your needs and work with you to find resolution.
Abuse is when the way others treat you becomes harmful to you. Abuse can take many forms, including emotional, physical or sexual. Therapy can help you address how this has made you feel and work through your feelings so you feel better about yourself. Abuse is any action that causes harm, distress, or suffering to another person. It can take many forms, including physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, financial, or neglectful behaviours. Abuse can occur in relationships, families, workplaces, institutions, or communities. Types of Abuse can include; Physical Abuse – Inflicting bodily harm through hitting, kicking, burning, or restraining someone against their will. Emotional and Psychological Abuse – Manipulation, threats, gas-lighting, humiliation, or controlling behaviour that damages a person’s self-esteem and mental well-being. Sexual Abuse – Any non-consensual sexual activity, including assault, coercion, or exploitation. Financial Abuse – Controlling someone’s money, stealing, or restricting their financial independence. Neglect – Failing to provide basic needs like food, shelter, medical care, or emotional support. Verbal Abuse – Name-calling, yelling, or making demeaning comments that harm a person’s confidence and self-worth. Domestic Abuse – A pattern of controlling, threatening, or violent behaviour between partners or family members. Institutional Abuse – Occurs in care settings, such as hospitals or nursing homes, where individuals are mistreated or neglected.
Addiction happens when you become overly dependent on something, often when you’re trying to escape from other problems. You can be addicted to many things including: Alcohol, drugs, gambling, sex, the internet, shopping, food, exercise, dieting or people. Therapy can help you address the causes of your addiction to help you stop your addictive behaviour. Addiction is a chronic condition characterised by the compulsive engagement in a substance or behaviour despite negative consequences. It involves a loss of control, cravings, and continued use even when it causes harm to a person’s health, relationships, or daily life. Types of Addiction can include; Substance Addiction – Dependence on substances such as, drugs, alcohol and nicotine. Behavioural Addiction – Compulsive engagement in activities such as, gambling, gaming, social media, food, shopping, sex and pornography. Common signs of addiction can include; Strong cravings and urges, Inability to stop or control the behaviour, Neglecting responsibilities due to the addiction, Withdrawal symptoms when trying to stop, Increased tolerance (needing more to achieve the same effect). Addiction can be caused by a number of factors such as Biological factors – Genetic predisposition, brain chemistry changes. Psychological factors – Stress, trauma, mental health conditions. Environmental factors – Peer pressure, family influence, social norms.
Being adopted can directly affect you in many ways. You may feel loss or rejection, be confused and have split loyalties, feel disappointed and depressed or be in turmoil over how you feel. In therapy you can talk through how being adopted affects you, understand what you are thinking and explore the issues that you are experiencing.
HIV is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It weakens your ability to fight infections. Having HIV does not always mean that you have AIDS, and it can take many years for AIDS to develop. HIV and AIDS cannot be cured but there are many ways you can stay healthy and live longer. Therapy can help by supporting you in dealing with the symptoms and reactions.
Anger is a normal emotion, but it can become uncontrollable and create problems for you, your family and your personal relationships. Anger can stop you thinking clearly, make you act impulsively, or may make you aggressive and violent towards others. If you find it difficult to talk about how you feel, you may suppress your anger or turn it inwards. This can lead to problems such as, eating disorders, self harm, drugs alcohol addiction. Therapy can help you find the cause of your anger and provide ways to control and change your behaviour.
Anxiety is common in mental illness or after extreme or distressing experiences. You may feel intense apprehension or worry, accompanied by acute physical signs such as, sleeplessness, rapid heartbeat, palpitations, dizziness, irritability and so forth. Therapy can help you with anxiety, panic attacks and phobias by giving you ways of dealing with situations as they occur and exploring the cause of your feelings. Anxiety is a natural response to stress, characterised by feelings of worry, fear, or nervousness. While occasional anxiety is normal, excessive or persistent anxiety can interfere with daily life and may indicate an anxiety disorder. Symptoms of Anxiety can include; Emotional: Constant worry, restlessness, irritability, difficulty concentrating. Physical: Rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, dizziness, nausea, muscle tension. Behavioural: Avoiding certain situations, compulsive behaviours, and difficulty sleeping. Types of Anxiety Disorders: Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) – Chronic, excessive worry about everyday life. Panic Disorder – Sudden, intense panic attacks with physical symptoms like chest pain and breathlessness. Social Anxiety Disorder – Fear of being judged, embarrassed, or rejected in social situations. Phobias – Intense, irrational fear of specific objects or situations (e.g., heights, spiders). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – Uncontrollable thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (compulsions). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Anxiety triggered by past trauma, causing flashbacks and distressing memories.
It is normal to feel angry, sad or lonely when a loved one dies or leaves. Even the loss of a pet can have a major psychological effect. Working through your feelings with a therapist can help you come to terms with your loss. Bereavement is the period of grief and mourning which is a natural emotional response to death and can involve a range of feelings, thoughts, and behaviours as a person adjusts to life without the deceased. Common Reactions to Bereavement include; Emotional Responses (Sadness, shock, numbness, anger, guilt, loneliness). Physical Symptoms (Fatigue, changes in appetite, trouble sleeping, headaches). Cognitive Reactions (Difficulty concentrating, disbelief, intrusive thoughts about the loss). Behavioural Changes (Withdrawal from social activities, restlessness, seeking reminders of the deceased).Stages of Grief (Kübler-Ross Model):
Denial – Shock or disbelief about the loss.
Anger – Frustration or resentment towards the situation or others.
Bargaining – Thoughts of "what if" or wishing for a different outcome.
Depression – Deep sadness, loneliness, or withdrawal.
Acceptance – Gradual adjustment to life without the deceased.
Bullying is when other people have the power to cause you pain and distress through abuse, threats and intimidation. It can include emotional, physical, verbal and cyber bullying and can happen at all ages - in families, education and at work. Therapy can be helpful for both the victim and the bully.
If you have cancer, you may feel anxious and stressed about the changes in your body or the effects of your treatment. You may be angry and find it difficult to cope with feelings of loss of control. It can help to talk through these feelings with a therapist, as your friends and family may be too close to the issues to see them clearly.
You may benefit from career counselling when you are thinking about possible career movements or areas of study. A counsellor can help you set your personal goals and identify any factors likely to influence your decisions or affect your objectives. They will give you confidential guidance and help to ensure you are setting realistic targets for yourself and making positive career choices.
Children and young people, and their families, can sometimes need extra support if they are finding it difficult to deal with or understand their emotions or behaviour. Children can find it hard to express their worries, and unresolved problems may extend into their adult lives. More serious issues like abuse and mistreatment often require urgent specialist attention.
In our increasingly multi-cultural and multi-racial society, people may need help adjusting to their own and other cultures. Personal and professional relationships between different cultures challenge and put pressure on people to maintain their own identity and values which can cause feelings of anger, anxiety, isolation, low self-esteem, negative self image and feelings of being different. Cultural counselling acknowledges the impact these issues can have on your wellbeing and may help you to cope with them.
Depression can be a devastating illness that affects your body, mood, behaviour and thoughts. It is not a sign of weakness or failure, and it's not something that can be changed overnight. Without treatment, symptoms can be present for years, preventing you from functioning to your full ability. Depression is a common but serious mental health condition that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities. Unlike temporary low moods, depression lasts for weeks or longer and can significantly impact daily life. Symptoms of Depression can include, Persistent sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, Irritability or frustration, Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or self-criticism, Fatigue or low energy, Changes in appetite (weight loss or gain) Sleep disturbances (insomnia or excessive sleeping) Unexplained aches and pains, Difficulty concentrating or making decisions, Negative thoughts, including self-doubt and pessimism, Suicidal thoughts or thoughts of self-harm (in severe cases). Withdrawing from social activities and relationships, Losing interest in hobbies or work, and sometimes engaging in reckless or self-destructive behaviours. Depression can come in many shapes and sizes, some common types of depression include; Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) – Severe, persistent symptoms that interfere with daily life. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) – Long-term, chronic depression lasting two years or more. Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression) – Periods of depression alternating with episodes of mania. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) – Depression linked to seasonal changes, often in winter and Postnatal Depression (PND) – Depression occurring after childbirth. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) currently recommends a range of psychological therapies for the treatment of depression.
Eating disorders are extremely common and can be serious or even life threatening if not treated appropriately. People often use dieting, binge eating and purging start as a way to cope with painful emotions and to take control. But if these behaviours continue, they will damage your physical and emotional health and self-esteem. Therapy can be helpful in changing thoughts and expectations and in providing support and encouragement. Types of Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa – Restricting food intake leading to extreme weight loss, intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image. Bulimia Nervosa – Episodes of binge eating followed by purging (vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise) to prevent weight gain. Binge Eating Disorder (BED) – Recurrent episodes of eating large amounts of food without purging, often leading to guilt and distress. Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) – Limiting food intake due to sensory issues, fear of choking, or lack of interest in eating, not necessarily related to body image. Orthorexia (not officially classified) – Obsessive focus on "healthy" eating to the point of malnutrition and distress. Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED) – Disordered eating patterns that don’t fit the exact criteria of other eating disorders but still cause significant distress. Signs and Symptoms of a potential eating disorder include; Extreme weight changes, dizziness, hair thinning, digestive issues, irregular menstruation. Intense fear of food, anxiety around eating, low self-esteem, mood swings. Secretive eating, excessive exercise, avoiding social meals, rigid food rules.
Sometimes simply sitting down with someone who can help you put your feelings into perspective can be beneficial. In counselling, you can explore personal difficulties or feelings of dissatisfaction, and talk openly about aspects of your life, in a way that may not be possible with friends or family. Therapy can help you discover what is important to you, so you can live the kind of life you really want and improve your health and wellbeing.
Therapy can help anyone who is generally worried about their health, or who needs help in coming to terms with being diagnosed with illness. Working through feelings such as 'why me?' can be beneficial to your quality of life.
Being unable to get pregnant, or having repeated miscarriages, causes many complex and painful emotions. Infertility treatments can also be physically uncomfortable, time-consuming and exhausting, placing great emotional demands on those involved. Talking to someone who is not directly involved can help you to come to terms with the situation.
Loss is not just about death; you could also lose a relationship, a job or your health. Losing someone or something you love is very painful and you may experience many difficult and surprising emotions, such as shock, anger, grief and guilt. Therapy can help and support you through this difficult period of your life.
Obsessions are usually unpleasant thoughts, pictures or impulses which come into mind when we don’t want them. Compulsions are the behaviours used to ‘put right’ or act on the obsession. Most people have occasional intrusive, troubling thoughts, such as worrying that you've left the oven on, but some people can’t get rid of them. If you have OCD, you may have repeated obsessions and compulsions that seem very important and make you feel anxious. Therapy can help you put things in perspective and develop coping mechanisms to deal with the triggers of OCD.
A phobia is an irrational, intense, persistent fear of certain situations, activities, things or people. Therapy can help you manage these thoughts and put them into perspective. A phobia is an intense, irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity that leads to avoidance and distress. Unlike general fears, phobias cause overwhelming anxiety and can interfere with daily life. Some common types of Phobias include; Fear of a particular object or situation, such as: Animal Phobias (e.g., spiders, snakes, dogs). Situational Phobias (e.g., heights, flying, enclosed spaces). Natural Environment Phobias (e.g., storms, water). Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia (fear of needles, blood, medical procedures). Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) – Fear of social situations, being judged, or embarrassing oneself. Agoraphobia – Fear of situations where escape might be difficult, such as crowded places or public transport, often leading to avoidance of leaving home. Symptoms of Phobias may manifest as intense fear, panic, dread. Sweating, trembling, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, nausea. Avoidance of the feared object or situation, difficulty functioning normally. Research has suggested that there are three primary causes of phobias which include, Learned Experiences: Past trauma or negative experiences. Genetics & Biology: Family history of anxiety disorders. Brain Function: Overactive fear response in the amygdala.
The experience of pregnancy, whether planned or unplanned, can be confusing and stressful, and may cause mixed feelings. For example, you may have concerns about how it could change your relationships. Therapy can help you understand your feelings towards your pregnancy, or explore difficult emotions following a miscarriage, stillbirth or termination.
Redundancy can lead to feelings of loss and confusion, as well as concerns about how to pay your bills. Therapy can help you work through issues of self-esteem and confidence, and the practicalities of redundancy.
Relationship counselling can help improve the way you relate to those around you and allow you to break free from old patterns of behaviour. This can cover all relationships, including couples and families.
If you have low self-esteem, you may view life in a negative way which makes things seem hopeless or pointless. You might think you are worthless, and that other people are better than you. You may have difficulty saying what you really feel, or you may lack the confidence to be assertive. As a result, you may feel that people take advantage of you and treat you badly. Therapy can help you explore the way you feel and change your view of yourself and others.
Self-harm (also called non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI) is the intentional act of causing physical harm to oneself as a way to cope with emotional pain, distress, or overwhelming feelings. It is not necessarily a suicide attempt, but it can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors if left unaddressed. Common Forms of Self-Harm include; Cutting (using sharp objects to create wounds). Burning (with matches, lighters, or hot objects). Hitting or punching oneself. Scratching or picking at wounds to prevent healing. Hair pulling (Trichotillomania). Poisoning or overdosing on non-lethal amounts of substances. Given the nature of self harm, many dont take the time to understand it properly and so it can go undetected and oftentimes ignored. People may feel the need to self harm for an array of reasons some of which include; Emotional regulation: To relieve intense sadness, anger, or numbness. Coping mechanism: A way to regain control over emotions. Expression of inner pain: When words feel inadequate. Punishment: Feelings of self-hatred or guilt. Seeking relief: Some report a temporary sense of calm afterwards. Self-harm can be a way of coping with painful and difficult feelings and distress. You may harm yourself because you feel overwhelmed and don’t know how else to deal with things. Therapy may help you discover and deal with the feelings that are causing you to self-harm.
Sexual difficulties can occur at any time, especially during times of stress and change. If sex used to be exciting but no longer seems so, therapy can help you look at why the change happened. In a good relationship, getting help should give you an opportunity to find some answers.Sexual abuse is when you are pressured to do something sexual against your will. It can include unwanted touching, photographs or rape. Some people blame themselves and do not report the abuse. Or they may have been influenced to trust the abuser or feel they will be punished for reporting it. Childhood abuse is not always addressed until sexual problems emerge in adulthood. Talking to a therapist can help.
Working out whether we are more comfortable in same sex or opposite sex relationships is part of our sexual identity. You may feel really sure about your sexual identity or it may be more fluid and changeable. Talking to a therapist can help you explore these feelings. For many people, coming to terms with their sexuality can cause a lot of anxiety and heartache. You may know from an early age that you are lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender. Or you may feel confused about your sexuality and take longer to work out what seems right for you. Therapy may help you come to a decision or to deal with a decision that you have already made.
Spirituality is about how you make sense of the world and find meaning in your life. It can, but does not necessarily, involve specific religious beliefs. Therapists who are experienced in spirituality can help you find inner peace and a deeper sense of meaning and belonging.
Stress can be a positive thing and help you achieve your goals. But too much stress can put your health at risk and lead to physical, mental and emotional problems. Therapy could help you to manage your life differently or support you in developing coping strategies.
Many kinds of emotional pain can lead to thoughts of suicide. You may reach a point at which you feel you can no longer cope. You may not truly wish to die, but you may need help at that moment. Therapy could help by allowing you to share your thoughts and feelings and work on ways to transform negative thoughts into more positive ones.
Emotional and psychological trauma can be the result of extraordinarily stressful events that shatter your sense of security, and make you feel helpless and vulnerable in a dangerous world. Trauma can be caused by a one-off event, such as a bad accident, a natural disaster or a violent attack. Or it can result from ongoing, relentless stress, such as living in a crime-ridden neighbourhood or struggling with major health issues. Talking to a therapist could help you.